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Danqi Zhao

Peking University, Beijing, China

 

Abstract

Evidentiality in daily conversations serves as a means of indicating information sources and carries extended epistemic and affective meanings. Based on previous studies and analysis of actual conversational data, this paper categorizes evidentiality into four types: firsthand experience, inference, hearsay, and quotation. The findings reveal that in spoken Q&A interactions, evidentiality typically appears at the beginning of intonation units, and sequences involving evidentiality often occur in pairs. The use of evidentiality in Q&A sequences mainly reflects scenarios where the questioner elevates their epistemic stance or the respondent lowers theirs. This highlights concerns about others’ epistemic status and adjustments in one’s own expressions. The principles of facework, communicative accommodation theory, and conversational implicature theory are identified as key factors influencing the use of evidentiality.

 

Keywords

Evidentiality, question-and-answer behavior, epistemic stance, epistemic status

 

汉语口语问答中示证语凸显动因分析

 

赵丹琪

北京大学， 中国

 

摘要

示证语在日常会话中是信息来源交代的一种方式，具有外延的认识情态意义。本文在前人研究的基础上，结合实际语料分析，将示证语分为亲历、推断、传闻和引语四类。研究显示，在口语问答中，示证语通常在语调单元之首，并且凸显示证信息的问答序列基本成对出现。问答序列中凸显示证语的情况，大多体现提问者提高认识立场或回答者降低认识立场的情境。这反映了对他人认识地位的关切和自身表达的调整，面子原则、交际顺应理论和会话含义理论是示证语使用的关键因素。

 

关键词

示证语，问答行为，认识立场， 认识地位